Saturday, November 19, 2016

Hugel Swales? With trees? Maybe worth a try.

There are so many good things about hugel mounds with respect to water retention and building fertility that I would lie to work them into my orchard (moving towards food forest) design.  Yes I have heard Paul's rant about hugel swales. I have noted that hugel mounds tend to subside over time.  

I have also seen wide swales alternating with trees, to provide a mowable swath for annual crops, in a slope that's not too great.  Was it Ben Falk or Mark Shepherd who was doing this? I saw it in a permaculture basics video series shot in the Northeast. 

I'm designing an orchard/ food forest near Eugene Oregon. Rainfall is 47 inches a year but mostly in the winter. So it makes sense to try to trap enough rainfall to keep the ground moist all year. So I have taken to heart to slow, spread, sink, etc as all good permies will do. After steeping myself in the writings and rantings of many different permaculture luminaries I plan to accomplish this in the following manner: 

On the southwest facing hillside I have in mind, the slope descends about 1 in 10.  With a 3 foot contour interval, the width is more or less 30 feet between contours. I would like to remove topsoil and shape the hillside into flat terraces with a berm on the outer edge two feet high on the uphill side, flat for 3 feet, and going down 5 feet on the downhill side at about 45 degrees.  After the topsoil is replaced, the slopes are to be sowed with clover and other good ground cover, and planted with various berries, filberts, and annual guild plants.  This leaves about 20 feet for a mowable fertility crop or pastured chickens or other adventures. I have enough slope for about 5 or 6 terraces 50 feet long. 

On the top of the berm I want to plant fruit trees of various kinds. Because I don't want these trees riding the slow avalanche as a hugel mound slowly collapses on itself, I am thinking of cladding the slopes of the berm (made from subsoil) with another 6-10 inches of logs and broken up ramial branches my predecessor has left lying around, then placing the topsoil on top of that, seeding with green mulch, and planting bare root fruit trees into the center of the berm and shrubs etc on the long slope. See the sketch.  

I am ignoring recommendations about hugel mounds going across contours, not mixing hugels with swales, and I don't know how many other no doubt well considered points of general advice given by people smarter than me.  My reasons are (1) frost and cold air flow is not a huge problem in Eugene (2) water must be controlled in both wet and dry seasons (3) I want to make use of all the red alder and douglas fir logs already cut and stacked hither and thither on the ground, some no doubt beginning to rot, along with some gnarly brush piles, and  (4) I want to play free-range bacci ball, graze chickens, and grow annual crops on the mostly flat terraces between the trees. 

So what problems do you see in this approach?  I'm one of those guys who has read a lot but have never taken on a project like this, so I'm bound to have some blind spots. Advice appreciated. 

Monday, November 7, 2016

Shangri-la? Brigadoon? Eden? Or return to Folly?

November 7, 2016

Cooling our heels in San Diego, living with Mom while Orah and Jeff take a vacation in New Zealand.  We are looking back with to our search this summer, and forward to the close of escrow on a sweet homestead in Cottage Grove

We rented an apartment over the garage of a nice family in the Eugene suburbs through Air BnB. We arrived in the last week in September, and immediately found ourselves a buyer’s agent to help us- Adam at Keller-Williams- and for the next few weeks we were out every day looking at properties we had gotten leads for from Adam and from Zillow, Trulia, Realtor.com, and Redfin. 

We looked for homes with a lot size of at least 3 acres, suitable rainfall, a house in good repair, some wild area, some area for gardens and fruit trees, private but not too remote.  We wanted some contour but walkable gentle hills.

Within the first two weeks we worked our way through Adam’s inventory, and turned more and more to combing online listings for possibilities, and calling Adam when we found something we wanted to see.  We were rotating outward from Eugene as far south as Oakland, as far east as Lowell, as far west as Noti, and as far north as Brownsville, as we searched listings that might fill the bill; we had driven by or walked through about 30 properties, and at last we were coming down to the end of our possibilities, and nothing seemed exactly right.  We had seen some nice properties and some horror stories, but nothing that we could rate better than an A-, and only one of those.  We did not want to settle, and it looked as though we might get to the end of our four weeks and still not have found anything suitable.

Among the listings was one that had been on the market, and was still listed on Zillow, but showed on the more current sites as having been withdrawn from listings.  We could see the pictures of the interior that had been posted, and we it seemed pretty nice, but you never know until you see it, and we did not get a good idea of the property it occupied. We drove up to it, but the home was situated far down a tree-lined road festooned with no trespassing signs, and we were unable to see much without trespassing, so we asked Adam to see what was up.

As it turned out, the property was recently listed by an agent in his work group, but had been withdrawn because the seller could not get any offers at their asking price, and they were planning to do some renovations in order to add to the curb appeal.  The seller was adamant that they would not settle for less than the asking price of $399,900, and was planning to switch realtors rather than be talked down.

MM’s interest was uncharacteristically piqued, and when Adam had not showed progress in getting us a viewing, she told him that she would not be able to make an offer on any other place until she had seen this one.  And so it came to pass that Adam was able to arrange a walk-through the next day, and we knew then that this was the unicorn we had been hunting.
Here’s an excerpt from a post I made on Oct 15:

We arrived to find a perfectly serviceable house in good repair; three bedrooms and two baths, with huge pantry and a working kitchen in need of remodeling, a large common room with windows on three sides.  The house is good, with large rooms and lots of light, but we had seen others just as good. It includes various outbuildings, a yurt, and a hot tub that may work.
 It’s the land that shines. The 11 acres set in the hills drops about 400 feet from Northeast to Southwest. The house is set about halfway down the slope, which generally faces southwest.
The top is covered by tall fir forest with deep spongy duff beneath. There are hardwoods mixed in- oak, alder, and others, at the edges. There are steep parts and flat areas that would make good tent sites deep in the forest. Starting a little above the home site there are scattered cleared areas with occasional neglected fruit tree saplings- a couple bearing fruit but mostly too young. The cleared areas are mostly meadow plants and grasses, with blackberries encroaching in around the edges. On the lower levels there are more sedges and moisture loving grasses. The lower edges on the western edge taper off into what I assume is a brush-filled seasonal creek. As far as I could see this creek was not running two weeks into the rainy season, though there was the occasional puddle. Both east and west banks are on the property. 
 The road past our property curves around an easement on the northeast edge; it is trenched on the uphill side, and the runoff theoretically runs through a culvert halfway around the edge, into a deep trench dug straight southwest down the key point in the sloped clearing toward the seasonal creek diagonally across, passing under the driveway/ access road that continues to the western edge where there is a right of way to access the power lines running on the western edge. Again the trench seems to be mostly dry at this point. The road needs to be planted with shrubs to increase privacy from our three neighbors up the road.   This hillside seems conducive to making wide swales for fruit tree guilds with mowable strips in between for hay and straw. Maybe a series of keyline holding ponds for fish, ducks, water features, and swimming holes. This will be subject to observation of how the water flows across the property and how absorbent the soil is. Maybe also the dry creek could be improved with pools to hold more water and slow it, and stocked with native trout. 
 There are a lot of downed alder logs and brush piled up. The small branches when chipped may make good fill for hillside fruit tree swales, and the logs cut to length can make hugelkultur mounds. 
 Various outbuildings are there, and more may be needed eventually. I will need a shop. But the yurt and extra bedrooms are ready to use for guests. Another mystery building we’re calling the annex may become a shop with the addition of some garage doors. The property could use a nice barn, but where to put it?   
The lower meadow as it is could host a large gathering or tent-city for family reunions or the like. Sanitation would need to be worked out with dry compost toilets or porta-potties though.   
What else? A small rocket mass heater for the yurt as a learning project. A greenhouse and nursery for propagating trees and shrubs. A straw-bale kitchen garden for zone 1. A private garden for the master bedroom. A labyrinth. A meditation garden. A scent garden. A children’s garden with secret nooks and berry and grape vine covered tunnels. Bee hives and flowers to feed them that bloom in their turn all through the spring, summer, and fall. And other things will come to mind. What ideas do our friends have for us?
Now we need to figure out how to get our stored goods up here.
First outside priority- fencing the kitchen garden, straw-bale raised beds for the first garden; building a tree nursery, and seeding the meadows.     

Having put a lot of thought into it in the last three weeks, I add one more first-tier project to the list:  Measure and flag off contour lines at three foot intervals, to help set out the trees in swales. My first rough calculations are that I will have room for about 50 trees if I use both meadows.  If 1/3 are nitrogen fixers, that means that I could plant 33 fruit and nut trees.





Wednesday, September 14, 2016

The End of Exploration, Lessons Learned

9/14
Exploring Phase-
Lessons learned

Our quest for our homestead can be seen as progressing through several phases. 

Discerning a vision
In the first phase, before retirement, I discovered permaculture and developed an idea, a desire, to see the possibility of a new rewarding lifestyle.  live among green growing things, able to grow my own healthy food and extend my retirement dollars.  A place that would provide myself, my children and grandchildren a safe place to get away from urban stress and pollution, and appreciate nature.  A place to live a meditative lifestyle.

 This place would present some challenges but provide ample rewards as well, especially when permaculture systems mature and provide a sustainable return on my work to provide for me and my family as I get older.

Preparing for Transition
In the second phase, we retired and began preparing to make a transition.  We got our retirement finances in order, and renovated our townhouse, moving our possessions to storage and putting it on the market; and finally going through escrow and selling it. Now our principle is in the bank, and we have a loan pre-approval letter to show a potential seller. This took us over a year.  In the interrim, we began the next phase of exploration, but always had to return to the tasks need to complete our preparations for transition.

Homelessness
When our house went on the market, we finished moving all our possessions into storage and became free to engage in the next phase in earnest.   Our homeless began and our exploratory trip started at dusk on July 4, when we locked our keys and garage openers in the house for our realtor and pulled away from our home for the last time.  As we drove north through the city, people were setting off fireworks and sky rockets, and tears were shed.

Exploration
Exploration has been a learning process for us both.  It has been a time when we could start to understand what we were looking for, and what it would cost. It's been a few weeks since the end of August when we returned from our trip to the Northwest in search of the best region for homestead shopping, combined with some social activities like the Evans reunion and side trips to see Gloria and her family in Nanaimo, Q in Portland, Shawn and the Gunthers in coastal NW Washington, Willis and the McNabb clan in Carbonado, Nancy in Oakland, and Chad and Susan in San Francisco. It also included a trip to Raintree Nursery in Morton, Washington
We were looking for property close to transportation corridors like I5 and airports with rainfall from 30-50 inches average rainfall over the last 30 years, a longer then average growing season, and summers that weren't oppressively hot (less than 60 days >85°F ) and latitude higher than the Columbia river, to avoid extended dark hours in winter. 

In addition, other regional criteria came up as an outcome of our search: Were there parcels of land divided into an appropriate size (3-15 acres)? Could we afford it (200K-400K)? Was the land too far off a major road?  Was the contour of the land workable? (Ideally not too flat (uninteresting) or too steep (We need some gently sloped areas to hang out in and establish groves and gardens, and we're not mountain goats)

Our search included special emphasis on many sample regions:


Oregon:
  • Linn County (Lebanon, Brownsville, Waterloo Camp, Sweethome)
  • Douglas County (Roseburg, Winston, Green)
  • Lane County (Eugene, Sutherlin, Cottage Grove)

California:
  • Siskiyou County (Fort Jones, Etna)
  • Trinity County (Weaverville, Hayfork, Lakes Shasta and Trinity)
  • Lake County (Clear Lake, Lakeport)
  • Nevada County (Grass Valley, Nevada City, Auburn)
  • Mariposa County (Mariposa, Bootjack) 
  • Humbolt County (Eureka, Arcata)

Add to this some preliminary research done in the prior year either jointly with MM or alone: 
  • San Diego County
  •  Temecula
  • Ojai
  • Beaverton Or
  • King County WA (Enumclaw, Carbonado)
  • Pierce County (Yelm)
  • Spokane County (Spokane, Tumtum)
  •  Lewis County (Chehalis, Centralia)

The outcome:

California:

Although we have been strongly motivated to find property close to our roots, prospecting in California has been disappointing. Northern California is just reachable in a single day of driving, but we had limited success finding anything that might work, and always at a sacrifice.

Most of the areas we checked in California adjacent to the central valley were too hot in summer, and too dry.  In California the game has to be searching for pockets on gentle slopes downhill of steeper moisture collecting west-facing slopes not too far inland or high enough to limit the heat in summer, while not so high as to bring on an early frost. Places not yet discovered by the hipsters and with prices jacked up beyond our reach.  

As high in altitude as Yosemite, pines are dying in large swaths, due the recent warm winters not cool enough to kill pine bark beetles, leaving standing dry trees by the hundreds.  Once a spark finds its way into such areas the result is huge fires, an expanding threat in the California hills.  Perhaps in the best outcome the susceptible pines will be replaced in time by cedars or something else- burned over meadows there show bright green regrowth of some kind of trees- but an ecological change is in process and it's too soon to know what the outcome will be.

Property inexpensive enough to be affordable in a brisk market require a financial and lifestyle sacrifice, because if our resources are exhausted just acquiring such a property, there can be no remodeling to make the fit more comfortable. Added to this the difficulty in finding a suitable plot size and finding a suitable long term water supply, considering recent rainfall trends, and this is an area where it becomes difficult to find suitable properties on the market.  Barring a miracle, such a search might take many years.

Washington:
Shorter winter days and a three day drive time puts this area at a disadvantage.  

Eastern Washington's rainfall averages are nearly as low as southern California, even though there are rivers and lakes that run through;  as a casual observer I would expect water distribution rights to become a major issue in the future, fought out by mega-farming conglomerates.  I have seen mile after mile of dusty naked soil in September, with a freshly tilled look, in the rolling hills around Spokane, waiting for the winter rains. What of the water table, and energy for pumping? As a very minor potential player in this game, I want to stay away from Big Ag.  Around Tumtum are a number of charming areas with small ponds and lakes; and also some very dry land dominated by Douglas Fir and dry pine.  Fires are a chronic problem and may be a sign of a shift like the one going on in California.

Western Washington is dominated by the Olympic peninsula and Mount Olympia, which gathers enough rainfall to create a rain forest on its western slopes, though there to the north and east in its "rain shadow" there are some lush areas which are not inundated by rain; long, often bright, summer days make gardens more able to take advantage of the growing season. There are some possibilities here, but probably not compatible with our need to make travel to the south more practical.

Oregon:
While I did find some possibilities in the Northern half of Oregon in my preliminary exploration in 2015, we found enough areas of interest in the Willamette valley near Eugene to hold our interest.  With the pull of the south a strong influence, this area can be reached in a two-day car trip. Google says driving from San Diego to Eugene would be about 16 hours, 6AM to 10PM, quite a marathon, but doable over 2 days.

After all the prospecting around the West, the Eugene area seems much more possible.  During our travels we saw several properties with the appropriate lot size, good rainfall, contour, livable houses, and even some with fruit trees and gardens already established.  Summers are tolerably warm, with fewer days over 85°, and the amenities of larger cities are available in Eugene.  

All in all, there is a better chance of finding a place we can fall in love with in the Eugene area, so we have decided to end Phase II and make a base here to look for our new home.  

Friday, July 22, 2016





Ackerman Camground, Lewiston Lake

Aside from the heat, 90+ in the mid afternoon, this is a pleasant campground, despite having no potable water.  
 
our site and its three trees- oak, maple, and walnut.

 Our tent is shaded by three giant hardwood trees: Walnut, maple, and oak.  Behind the site, extensive bushes of blackberries are just beginning to ripen.  A stinging cold cold arm of the lake extends near the site, accessible down a steep bank.  

walnut leaves

 I've been consistently unable to identify or suspect walnut trees growing in the wild; but the presence of nuts on the ground is proof positive of the nature of these leaves, whose compound leaves should be a sign to me. 


We bought a bundle of firewood for $9 from the campground host when we arrived, but it was so hot we didn't want a campfire, and our twig stove made good use of some branches a previous camper had dragged into the site, so that we didn't need it at all. The host agreed to buy it back when we left.






 The shoreline of Lewiston lake looks like it is the same level as it always was, in contrast to Shasta Lake nearby.  We learned that the lakes are connected by an underground aqueduct, and that water is taken from Shasta to provide a stable habitat in Lewiston.

The picture of Shasta Lake shows by its pink exposed shoreline and sandbars that it is not full at all. Is the depletion due to water use to provide electricity, or irrigation water, or in the mistaken belief that more room would be needed for an expected wet El Nino year to prevent flooding.


 We set out to find areas with properties that had enough rain to grow a garden, and were still within our budget. The western part of the valley, around Douglas, Hayfork, and Etna, seems to be almost wet enough, if water management practices are implemented.

Oh, and the camp site is filled with the drone of wasps. The wasps don't bother us when we dine at dusk, must be after their bed time, but post-dawn breakfasts are a problem.  We tried to take our food some distance but either we were being followed or the wasps were all over, and they wanted what we were having.


.

No one got stung.  These were the gourmand wasps, not the angry type. But we were worried. One thing- we had some scrambled egg batter clinging to the bowl, and we left it for them, away from the main site.  When we came back it was all gone.  And this was handy, because (did I mention?) there wasn't a lot of water for washing.

We took the scenic route to Yreka, along Route 3 and through Etna, where we got a glance at the property I liked so much last Fall.  We agreed the area was nice and more moist than areas to the east.  All along the way, though, we were all too aware of the heat of the day, and MM began talking about Oregon where the temperatures are more moderate. And in fact we hope to be in Eugene tonight, after a stay in Yreka Best Western and a bout of laundry and showers, and a superior free breakfast.

Waterloo campground and Santiam River

The Santiam river runs by the Waterloo campsite near Lebanon OR.
.

Our campsite
.

Shaggy Mane? 
.
Blackberries in flower

Green blackberries

Nettle

Nettle

Plantain

More Plantain, growing in moist/soggy ground

Plaintain- thought of harvesting them for greens but didn't have a container

Unknown plant- yellow and red berries.

More unknown berry plant.


MM. We're having fun now.





Monday, July 18, 2016

Monday  Gresham, OR
Q's place
Q's raised beds

Well, I was off my feed since leaving Cascara campground due to a diverticulitis flare-up.  Today MM and I went to see a doctor and it gave us a chance to benchmark the local Kaiser system, which seemed friendly and efficient to me.  I got my antibiotics and blood test, was warned not to drink for 12 days (not that I have wanted to much lately) and after beginning my course I hope to see quick results; but for today it's bland foods and rest.

Not too permacultural to wipe out my intestinal flora, but there aren't any good alternatives for me just now, and I'm no martyr.  So first antibiotics and bland diet, then probiotics.

Some correlation of rainfall and mapping areas is giving some shape to the band of desirable  land; and MM doesn't want to look North of Portland because of dark winters.  I count this as progress.  We're refining our focus. There is enough reasonably priced land in the 50 mile swath mostly west of I5 to find something to look at, especially between Eugene and Salem.

Want to do some looking around Oregon and stop at Raintree to check them out; then up to Enumclaw (too rainy) for the highland games in about 10 days on Friday.  I think I'll be ready to have some fun by that time. Then visit Willis and Laurie and company for a couple, and then on to Port Angeles and Nanaimo to visit Gloria.  She too promises us a bed.

Going back down we will have time to check out northern California- Hayfork, Trinity Alps, Platina. Then Clearlake and beyond, in late August.







Friday, July 15, 2016

July 15, 2016 Cascara campground,



July 15, 2016 Cascara campground




We arrived in Fall Creek Thursday afternoon about 2, pitched our camp then back to Eugene to get MM’s iPad looked at the Apple repair.  5 hours later she had it working well and we were headed back to camp.


7/16
All in all a fine relaxing day for camping. I slept in till 8 and for once my back wasn’t aching when I awoke.  I think the air mattress is better than the motel beds I’ve been sleeping in. We had our breakfast of hot coffee made on the twig stove, smoked salmon with sliced tomato and onion, and some watermelon pieces.  After some time organizing our camping gear we went for a walk around the campground. 




A beautiful campground overlooking a sea of grass- actually a marshy area left by the receding lake.



A floating dock is left high and dry on the grassy hill left at the former waterline.
Reminds me of the time when I went electroshock fishing with Alex in Florida.

I later learned in a discussion with Q and Gail that the lakes are managed and drained in anticipation of water flow, and sometimes they do not receive the planned water from upstream, and remain at low level until the rains return in winter.

 The sign at the boat ramp bars entry to the grassy field which is the lake bottom in wetter times.  Further out the lake still has water, but not enough for the shallow inlet which could stand another 10 feet of water.


The area seems wet enough by my standards- though they say that this area normally gets over 70” per year.
Whatever the issue with the water,

the shortfall of water in the nearby lake formed by the downstream dam is not enough to seriously affect this apple tree, with plentiful apples just beginning to blush. 



Poison Oak???? No, says campground host- Himalayan blackberry.  Duh.


The real poison oak.